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Soumitra Tiwari ¹, S. Patel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana punjab, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur C.G., IN

Abstract

The edible rhizome rich in powder content is processed to obtain tikhur flour which is cooked in different forms and preparations and consumed in many parts of India. The traditional way of tikhur powder extraction or processing leads to a very high loss of powder along with huge time and labour requirement. In the developed partial mechanical method of processing, all the process is similar to that of traditional method except the size reduction of rhizomes and drying. By this method 300 to 400 kg of rhizomes could be handled in a day and it also saves Rs. 30per kg.

Keywords

Tikhur, curcuma Angustifolia, Traditional Processing, Mechanical Processing

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Deo Shankar ¹, S. Patel ², M. K. Sahu ³, S. C. Mukherjee ⁴

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Tuber Crops, Shaheed Gundadhoor College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, Bastar (C.G.), IN
2 PI-AICRP on Processing, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur(C.G.), IN
3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (I.G.K.V.), Narayanpur (C.G.), IN
4 Shaheed Gundadhoor College of Agriculture and Research Station, Kumhrawand Jagdalpur, Bastar (C.G.), IN

Abstract

The investigation was conducted at Shaheed Gundadhoor College of Agriculture and Research Station (IGKV), Kumhrawand, Jagdalpur, Bastar, Chhattisgarh. The experiment was undertaken during 1^st December to 30^th December 2010 and 1^st December to 30^th December 2011. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in which 7 treatments were tested in three replications. High rhizome and starch yielded genotype IGSJT-10-2 of tikhur was selected as an experimental material. The results clearly indicated that the maximum starch yield 167.29 g/kg of rhizome was recovered in treatment T₂ (starch extraction on 5 days after harvest) and lowest starch yield 127.06 g/kg of rhizome was recorded in treatment T₇ (Starch extraction on 30 days after harvest of rhizomes). The highest starch recovery per cent was recorded in treatment T₂ and lowest starch recovery per cent was recorded in treatment T₇. Starch colour observed white in all treatments. In the year 2011-12, highest starch yield 167.73 g/kg of rhizome was recorded in treatment T₂ and lowest starch yield 123.27 g/kg or rhizome was recorded in treatment T₇. The highest average starch recovery per cent (16.75) of rhizome was also recorded in treatment T₂ and lowest starch recovery per cent (12.52) rhizome was recorded in treatment T₇. The low starch yield and starch recovery per cent was recorded when starch extracted one day after harvesting of rhizomes, it may be due to high moisture content of rhizomes and field heat. Gradual reduction of starch yield and starch recovery per cent starch extraction after 5 days may be due to conversion of starch in to sugar due to increasing of temperature.

Keywords

Tikhur, Curcuma Angustifolia Roxb., Starch Extraction, Starch Recovery, Tikhur Processing.

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A. Tyagi ¹, M. Waran ², S. Patel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Medicine, PVVPF's Medical College, Vilad Ghat, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra - 414111, IN
2 Department of Medicine, PDVVPF's Medical College, Vilad Ghat, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The common cold, or upper respiratory tract infection, is one of the leading reasons for physician visits. Its impact on society and health care is large. Rhinoviruses are the most frequent cause. The virus is spread by hand contact with secretions from an infected person (direct or indirect) or aerosol of the secretions and virus. There is no proven treatment for the common cold. Therefore, the common cold is treated symptomatically. Prophylactic probiotics, zinc sulphate, nasal saline irrigation, and the herbal preparations containing Echinacea angustifolia reduce the incidence of cold. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and some herbal preparations, including Echinacea purpurea, improve symptoms. Hand hygiene reduces the spread of viruses that cause cold illnesses.

Keywords

Common Cold, URI, Nasopharyngitis, Prevention, Treatment.

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S. Patel ¹, A. Tyagi ¹, M. Waran ¹, A. Gagre ¹, S. Garudkar ¹, M. Bedi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Medicine, PVVPF’s Medical College, Vilad Ghat, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra - 414 111, IN

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycaemia. The rising prevalence of type 2 DM is closely associated with industrialisation and socio economic development. 50% of the diabetic patients in India remain unaware of their diabetic status, which increases the risk of development of diabetic complications. We have used IDRS (Table 1) which is simple, safe and inexpensive questionnaire consisting of four simple parameters i.e., age, obesity status, exercise status, and family history of type 2 DM. It was observed that 44.23%, 48.57% and 7.20% subject were in High, Moderate, and Low risk group, respectively for developing type 2 DM. This simple and cost effective IDRS could thus serve as a tool for a primary care physician or a health worker to identify at risk individuals for both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 1^st Degree Relatives, Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS).

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S. Patel ¹, J. Bhalani ², Y. Kosta ³

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Department,Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology, CHARUSAT, Changa - 388421, Gujarat, IN
2 Electronics and Communication Department,Babaria Institute of Technology,GTU, Vadodara, 391240, Gujarat, IN
3 Marwadi Education Foundation’s Group of Institution,GTU, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Objectives/Background: In Long Term Evaluation- Advance (LTE-A), there are different specialized elements accessible like odd time slots transmission, use of adaptive modulation etc. Notwithstanding, the BER performance analysis is required in genuine scattered environment like spatially correlated antennas at transmitter side and blemished channel state information accessible at the receiver (CSIR) for adaptive modulation. Method/Statistical Analysis:We are exhibiting Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of LTE-A full rate full diversity STBC under quasi-static fading channels with real practical assumption of spatially correlated antennas at transmitter side and blemished channel state information accessible at the receiver (CSIR). The spatial correlation between two antennas is supposed to be , where is spatial correlation among two transmit antennas and imperfe

Keywords

Space time block codes (STBC); Long term evaluation- advance (LTE-A); full rate; spatially correlated antennas; imperfect channel state information available at the receiver (CSIR)

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B. Madhu ¹, S. Patel ¹, P. V. K. Jagannadha Rao ², P. Sreedevi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN
2 AICRP on Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Sugarcane jaggery samples (25 g) were coated with the optimized concentration of edible coating (0.5% WPC and 0.5% gum arabic) and placed in LDPE, HDPE and PP pouches packed thenine pouches (three LDPE pouches, three HDPE and three PP pouches) with MAP machine. The samples were analyzed for important physico-chemical characteristics viz., sucrose, reducing sugars, colour, Hardness and moisture content. The whey protein coated solid jaggery stored in PP packets under vacuum was found to be better i.e., low increase in reducing sugars and decrease in non-reducing sugars, as compared to the samples packed in LDPE, HDPE under vacuum and MAP at storage temperature of 25°C. Accelerated storage studies were conducted for the sugarcane solid jaggery samples (50 g) coated with optimized concentration of edible coating (0.5% concentration of both protein (WPC) and polysaccharide (gum arabic) based) placed in LDPE, HDPE and PP pouches with vacuum and MAP packing and all these pouches were placed in the desiccator at 90% RH and this desiccator was kept in incubator at 45p C. The maximum predicted storage life i.e. 255.44 days was obtained in the 0.5% WPCedible coated solid jaggery packed in LDPE with vacuum packaging machine.

Keywords

Jaggery, Edible Coating, Whey Protein, Gum Arabic, Accelerated Storage Studies.

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Chandrahas Sahu ¹, S. Patel ², D. Khokhar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Dairy Engineering, College of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

Storability and shelf-life of any products are most important for producers as well as consumers. Shelf-life of products depends on moisture content of the products which should be stored in different packaging materials and storage conditions. In the present study storage stability of extruded snack were carried out at accelerated conditions of 40°C and 90% RH. The extruded snacks using ingredients: maize, finger millet, defatted soy and elephant foot yam in the proportion of 40:30:20:10, respectively was developed under optimized conditions of 110°C barrel temperature, 301 rpm screw speed and 14% moisture content. The effect of storage period on the quality of extruded snacks packed in pouches of low density polyethylene (LDPE), aluminium foil, high density polyethylene (HDPE) and metalized polyethylene terephthalate (MPET) at accelerated condition were determined. The quality parameters such as moisture content, hardness and crispness for storage stability of extruded snacks were evaluated. Packaging material affects the quality of extruded snack products during storage. Packaging material and storage period both had significantly (P< 0.05) affected the moisture content, hardness and crispness of extruded snack product. On the basis of packaging material used, the extruded snacks packed in LDPE pouches showed greater changes to quality parameters and minimum packed in MPET. The shelf-life of extruded snack packed in LDPE, aluminium foil, HDPE and MPET under accelerated condition of storage was found to be 6, 8, 11 and 35 days, respectively. Hence MPET was better packaging material for storing the extruded snack.

Keywords

Crispness, Extruded Snack, Hardness, Moisture Content, Packaging, Shelf-Life.

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P. K. Nishad ¹, S. Patel ², R. K. Naik ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN
3 Department of Farm Machinery and Power, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

The kernel contains the nuts of Chironji. Traditionally, it was removed by hand hammer, small stone disc (Jatta) or by the use of Chironji decorticator. Design experiments were conducted by using the response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing the machine parameters of wild Chironji nut decorticator. The effect of three variables (disc speed, disc clearance and moisture content) with three levels of disc speed (1.05, 1.64 and 2.28 m/s), three levels of disc clearance (6, 7 and 8 mm) and five levels of moisture treated sample (7.83, 8.34, 8.57, 8.68 and 9.04 %, wet basis.) was used for optimization. The maximum whole kernels percentage and minimum kernel breakage were taken as responses in order to optimize the machine parameters. The most suitable optimal results were found at disc speed 1.05 m/s, disc clearance 7 mm and moisture content 8.57 per cent, respectively. The capacity of decorticator, decorticating efficiency, whole kernel recovery and broken kernel recovery percentage at optimized independent parameters were 22.09 kg/h, 87.20 per cent, 16 per cent and 2.88 per cent, respectively.

Keywords

Wild Chironji Nuts, Decorticator, Pre-Treatment, Response Surface Methodology, Optimization.

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